Насильственная демократизация. Поддержка оппозиционных движений правительством США - Уилл Ирвин

11.

216

Smith, OSS, 77.

217

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 40.

218

Carlton S. Coon, A North Africa Story: The Anthropologist as OSS Agent 1941–1943 (Ipswich, MA: Gambit, 1980), xi.

219

Coon, A North Africa Story, 4–6, 10–17.

220

Jerry Sage, Sage (Wayne, PA: Miles Standish Press, 1985). Sage, who later retired as a U.S. Army Special Forces colonel, was captured during this OSS operation and spent the remainder of the war as a prisoner of war in Poland.

221

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, ix.

222

Coon, A North Africa Story, 32–34; а также сертификат о награждении орденом Почетного легиона майора Карлтона Куна, США, за службу в Северной Африке и на Корсике с мая 1942 г. по октябрь 1943 г.; Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 15.

223

James Grafton Rogers, Wartime Washington: The Secret OSS Journal of James Grafton Rogers, 1942–1943, ed. Thomas F. Troy (Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1987), 117.

224

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 13.

225

Smith, OSS, 43, 46.

226

Smith, OSS, 51, 56.

227

Jay Jakub, Spies and Saboteurs: Anglo-American Collaboration and Rivalry in Human Intelligence Collection and Special Operations, 1940–1945 (London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1999), 69.

228

Coon, A North Africa Story, 20–21, 106; Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 13.

229

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 9, 18.

230

Special Operations (SO) Branch, OSS London, War Diary, vol. 3, bk. 1, “F-Section through March 1944,” in John Mendelsohn, ed., Covert Warfare: Intelligence, Counterintelligence, and Military Deception During the World War II Era, vol. 5, “Other OSS Teams” (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1989), 8, 13.

231

SO Branch War Diary, vol. 1, 1; vol. 2, xxxiv-xxxix; vol. 3, bk. 1, 13; vol. 3, bk. 3, 13; vol. 3, bk. 13, 138. Во время Второй мировой войны термин «специальные операции» употреблялся как синоним нынешнего термина «неконвенциональные боевые действия». Он не включал в себя все остальные элементы, которые мы сегодня определяем как силы специальных операций.

232

SO Branch War Diary, vol. 3, bk. 1, “F-Section through March 1944,” in Mendelsohn, Covert Warfare, 14.

233

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 178.

234

ШССН, оперативный приказ лейтенанта Марселя Клеча, БСС, от 11 мая 1943 г. // SFHQ, operations order for Lieutenant Marcel Clech, OSS, dated 11 May 1943, in Miller, Behind the Lines, 71.

235

SO Branch War Diary, vol. 3, bk. 1, “F-Section through March 1944,” in Mendelsohn, Covert Warfare, 8.

236

SO Branch War Diary, vol. 3, bk. 3, 14.

237

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 192, 199.

238

Arthur L. Funk, “The OSS in Algiers,” in Chalou, The Secrets War, 176; “The World War II Office of Strategic Services Operational Groups,” Veterans of OSS Newsletter, Summer 1994, 14.

239

Ian Sutherland, “The OSS Operational Groups: Origin of Army Special Forces,” Special Warfare, June 2002, 8.

240

SO Branch War Diary, vol. 4-A, “Operational Groups,”19.

241

БСС (отдел ОГ), служебная записка от первого лейтенанта Альбера Ланье лейтенанту (мл.) Эдвину Путцеллу «Операции ОГ на юге Франции», 29 сентября 1944 г.// OSS (OG Branch), memorandum from First Lieutenant Albert G. Lanier to Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Edwin J. Putzell, subject: “OG Operations in Southern France,” 29 September 1944, RG 226, NARA II.

242

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 219.

243

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 199.

244

SO Branch War Diary, vol. 3, bk. 2, 360.

245

Will Irwin, The Jedburghs: The Secret History of the Allied Special Forces, France 1944 (New York: PublicAffairs, 2005), 248–279.

246

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 192, 199.

247

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 219.

248

Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 179. The figure for total guerrilla strength includes all indigenous personnel organized, armed, and trained by SOE and SO Branch of OSS.

249

The Reader’s Digest Association, Secrets and Spies: Behind-the-Scenes Stories of World War II (Pleasantville, NY: Reader’s Digest Association, 1964), 387.

250

David Eisenhower, Eisenhower at War, 1943–1945 (New York: Vintage Books, 1987), 255; Alfred Goldberg, “Air Campaign Overlord: To D-Day,” in D-Day: The Normandy Invasion in Retrospect (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1971), 66–68.

251

Eisenhower, Eisenhower at War, 255; Goldberg, “Air Campaign Overlord,” 66–68.

252

SO Branch War Diary, vol. 3, bk. 2, 160; bk. 3, 268–279.

253

Дуайт Эйзенхауэр, письмо исполнительному директору УСО и директору БСС, Лондон, от 31 мая 1945 г. // Dwight D. Eisenhower, letter to the executive director of SOE and to the director of OSS London, 31 May 1945. Полный текст письма в: Roosevelt, The Overseas Targets, 222.

254

Ian D.W. Sutherland. Special Forces of the United States Army, 1952–1982 (San Jose, CA: R. James Bender Publishing, 1990), 16; Volckmann, We Remained, 228.

255

Документ штаба ССН: «Сопротивление и операции Особой воздушной службы Великобритании, 1944–1945 гг.» // “Resistance and