Джон Фицджеральд Кеннеди - Алан Бринкли

365

Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 53; Abram Chayes to McGeorge Bundy, «International Law Problems of Blockade,» September 10, 1962, JFKL; «Briefing Paper for President’s Press Conference — Subject: NATO Shipping and Cuban Trade,» September 13, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 10; «The President’s News Conference,» September 13, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 674–75; Elie Abel, The Missile Crisis (New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1966), pp. 6–80.

366

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 13.

367

Ibid., pp. 12–15.

368

Graham Allison, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), p. 57. См. также Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 544; Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 20; Sorensen, Kennedy, p. 675.

369

Hunt, Crises in U. S. Foreign Policy, pp. 257–58.

370

Заседения ExComm записывались на магнитофон и впоследствии были опубликованы. О записи знал только президент.

371

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 36.

372

Ibid., p. 44.

373

Ibid., p. 115; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 48–51.

374

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 123–25.

375

Ibid., p. 122.

376

Ibid., p. 124.

377

Ibid.

378

Allison, Essence of Decision, p. 61; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 84–85.

379

Washington Post, October 21, 1962.

380

«Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba,» October 22, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 806–9.

381

«Proclamation 3504: Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba,» October 23, 1962, pp. 809–10, JFKL.

382

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 397.

383

Washington Post, October 23, 24, 1962; New York Times, October 23–28, 1962; Time, November 2, 1962; Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, «One Hell of a Gamble»: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), pp. 237–39; transcript, Gilpatric-JFK phone conversation, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

384

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 189.

385

Khrushchev to JFK, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

386

JFK to Khrushchev, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

387

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 213.

388

Ibid., pp. 213–14.

389

Ibid., p. 153.

390

Ibid., pp. 218–20, 229; «Overseas Reactions to President Kennedy’s Cuban Announcement,» October 23, 1962, JFKL; «News Conference,» Pierre Salinger, October 23, 1962, JFKL.

391

Timothy Naftali, Philip D. Zelikow, and Ernest R. May, eds., The Presidential Recordings: John F. Kennedy, vols 1–3, The Great Crises (Charlottesville, Va.: Miller Center, 2001), vol. 3, p. 213.

392

Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 126.

393

Khrushchev to JFK, October 24, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Khrushchev, October 25, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 242–43, 257.

394

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 292.

395

Ibid., p. 297.

396

Khrushchev to JFK, October 26, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to Secretary of State, October 26, 1962, JFKL.

397

Taubman, Khrushchev, p. 531.

398

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 230.

399

Ibid., p. 383.

400

Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 161–64, 180–81.

401

Betty Goetz Lall, «NATO — Warsaw Détente?» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 20, no. 9 (November 1964), pp. 37–39.

402

Khrushchev to JFK, October 28, 1962, JFKL.

403

May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 489.

404

«Message in Reply to a Broadcast by Chairman Khrushchev on the Cuban Crisis,» October 28, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 814–15. См. также «Memorandum for the Secretary of State from the Attorney General,» October 30, 1962, JFKL.

405

«The President’s News Conference of November 20, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 830–32; Khrushchev to JFK, November 12, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to JFK, December 11, 1962, JFKL.

406

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 830; Life, November 12, 1965.

407

Jim Heath, Decade of Disillusionment: The Kennedy-Johnson Years (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), p. 131.

408

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 525.

409

Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 193.

410

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 351.

411

Ibid.; Wills, The Kennedy Imprisonment, pp. 262–63; Richard J. Walton, Cold War and Counterrevolution: The Foreign Policy of John F. Kennedy (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972), pp. 10, 116, 224; Robert Weisbrot, Maximum Danger: Kennedy, the Missiles, and the Crisis of American Confi (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), pp. 199–202.

412

Glen T. Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), pp. 51–60.

413

«ACDA Special Report No. 15: Consideration of Test Ban During Recess of Geneva Disarmament Conference,» September 11, 1962, JFKL.

414

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 1963, pp. 32–37.

415

Fensch, The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters, pp. 476–77.

416

Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 619.

417

Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 325–28; Schlesinger, Journals, p. 194.

418

«Commencement Address at American University in Washington,» June 10, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 459–64.

419

G. Calvin MacKenzie and Robert Weisbrot, The Liberal Hour: Washington and the Politics of Change in the 1960 s (New York: Penguin Books, 2008), pp. 278–79.

420

Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban, pp. 216–18.

421

Time, August 30, 1963.

422

Ibid.; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 555.

423

«Statement by the President Following the Senate Vote on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,» September 24, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 704. См. также «Remarks at the Signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,» October 7, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 765–66.

424

Benjamin S. Loeb, «The Limited Test Ban Treaty,» in Michael Kredon and Dan Caldwell, eds., The Politics of Arms Control of Treaty Ratification(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), p. 169; Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban, pp. 226–31, 235–82.

425

Dallek, An Unfi nished Life, pp. 624–25; Kempe, Berlin 1961, pp. 498–500.

426

Фраза «Ich bin ein Berliner» является вполне грамма-тически верной и выражает именно то, что Кеннеди хотел сказать: «Я — один из берлинцев» (а не прямо «Я — берлинец», как было бы без артикля).

427

«Remarks in the Rudolph Wilde Platz, Berlin,» June 26, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 524–25.

428

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 537.

429

New York Times, June 27, 1963; Sorensen, Counselor, p. 325; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 537; «Address at the Free University of Berlin,» June 26, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 25–29.

430

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 888.

431

John F. Kennedy, «Partial Remarks Before the Executives Club of Chicago,» May 28, 1954, JFKL.

432

John F. Kennedy, «America’s Stake in Vietnam,» Vital Speeches of the Day, August 1, 1956, pp. 617–19, JFKL.

433

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 46.

434

FRUS, vol. I, Vietnam 1961, p. 15, note 6.

435

William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, The Ugly American (New York: W. W. Norton, 1958). Похожий роман, хотя и менее спорный, о деятельности сотрудника ЦРУ во Вьетнаме — роман Грема Грина «Тихий американец». (Graham Greene, The Quiet American (New York: Viking Press, 1956)).

436

Edward G. Lansdale, «Binh Hung: A Counter-Guerilla Case Study,» February 1, 1961, JFKL.

437

JFK to General Lemnitzer, February 5, 1961, JFKL; Oliver E. Clubb Jr., «The Struggle in South Vietnam,» March 1961, JFKL, pp. 18–20.

438

Theodore H. White to JFK, October 11, 1961, JFKL.

439

Averell Harriman to Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., October 17, 1961, JFKL.

440

Stuart Symington to JFK, October 21, 1961, JFKL; Robert D. Schulzinger, A Time for War: The United States and Viet Nam, 1941–1975 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 102–6.

441

«The Taylor Report,» November 3, 1961, The Pentagon Papers: The Defense Department History of United States Decision-making on Vietnam (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), vol. 2, pp. 88, 92–98; «A Threat to the Peace: North Viet-Nam’s Effort to Conquer South Viet-Nam,» Department of State, 1961, JFKL, pp. 18–37; Walt Rostow to JFK, November 7, 1961, JFKL. См. также Preston, The War Council, pp. 88–100.

442

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 257.

443

David Kaiser, American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Origins of the Vietnam War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 109–10.

444

JFK to Diem, October 23, 1961, JFKL; Diem to JFK, December 12, 14, 1961, JFKL; JFK to Diem, December 15, 1961, JFKL; «InternalWarfare and the Security of the Underdeveloped States,» November 20, 1961, Department of State, JFKL.

445

Hilsman, To Move a Nation, p. 444; Roger Hilsman to JFK, January 13,1962, JFKL.

446

Maxwell Taylor to JFK, «Summary of Military Operations in Vietnam,» n. d., 1962, JFKL.

447

Time, May 11, 1962.

448

Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, pp. 162–63, 165.

449

«Questions Concerning Guerrilla Programs,» July 7, 1962, JFKL.

450

George W. Ball, «Viet-Nam — Free World Challenge in Southeast Asia,» Detroit, April 30, 1962, JFKL; McGeorge Bundy to JFK, May 1, 1962, JFKL.

451

Hilsman, To Move a Nation, p. 428.

452

«The Strategic Hamlet Program, 1961–1963,» Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, pp. 128–59; Schulzinger, A Time for War, p. 115.

453

JFK to Diem, October 24, 1962, JFKL.

454

Washington Post, March 19, 1963; Kaiser, American Tragedy, pp. 194–95.

455

Associated Press, January 10, 1963, JFKL.

456

«Draft telegram to Saigon,» n. d., 1963, JFKL.

457

Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, pp. 202–4; Thomas L. Hughes to the Acting Secretary, «Diem Versus the Buddhists: The Issue Joined,» August 21, 1963, JFKL; Preston, The War Council, pp. 120–23.

458

Schulzinger, A Time for War, p. 120.

459

David Reynolds, One World Indivisible: A Global History Since 1945 (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), p. 276.

460

Henry Cabot Lodge to McGeorge Bundy, August 27, 1963, JFKL.

461

«Transcript of Broadcast on NBC’s ’Huntley-Brinkley’ Report,» September 6, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 658–59.

462

«Transcript of Broadcast with Walter Cronkite Inaugurating a CBS Television News Program,» September 2, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 650–51.

463

Henry Cabot Lodge to Dean Rusk, September 9, 1963, JFKL.

464

«Eyes Only for Ambassador,» August 28, 1963, JFKL; Henry Cabot Lodge to Dean Rusk, August 26, 1963.

465

Hilsman memo, September 11, 1963, JFKL; «Visit to Vietnam,» September 6–10, 1963, JFKL; Roger Hils-man to Henry Cabot Lodge, September 5, 1963, JFKL.

466

«Report to the Executive Committee,» October 4, 1963, JFKL.

467

Kaiser, American Tragedy, p. 251.

468

Robert S. McNamara, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (New York: Times Books, 1995), pp. 78–79.

469

Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, p. 205; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 609.

470

CIA Memorandum, «The Coup in South Vietnam,» November 1, 1963, JFKL.

471

Schulzinger, A Time for War, pp. 199–222; Kaiser, American Tragedy, pp. 266–69; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 648.

472

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 646.

473

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 997.

474

Ellen J. Hammer, A Death in November: America in Vietnam, 1963 (New York: Dutton, 1987), p. 297.

475

CIA memorandum, «The Coup in South Vietnam,» November 1, 1963, JFKL; CIA memorandum, «The Situation in Vietnam,» November 2, 1963, JFKL; Hammer, A Death in November, pp. 296–98.

476

New York Times, November 3, 1963.

477

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 997.

478

Maxwell Taylor, Swords and Plowshares (New York: W. W. Norton, 1972), p. 301. См. также Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 354–55; Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 683.

479

Kaiser, An American Tragedy, p. 278; Preston, The War Council, pp. 126–28.

480

«The President’s News Conference of November 14, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 848.

481

Gordon M. Goldstein, Lessons in Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Path to War in Vietnam (New York: Times Books, 2008), pp. 2–3.

482

Ibid., pp. 82–83.

483

«The President’s News Conference of November 14, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 846–48.

484

McGeorge Bundy, «The History-Maker,» Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society (1978), p. 84.

485

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 764. See also Kai Bird and William Pfaff, «Would JFK Have Left Vietnam: An Exchange,» New York Review of Books, June 10, 2010; Preston, The War Council, pp. 97–106.

486

Goldstein, Lessons in Disaster, p. 233. См. также Preston, The War Council, pp. 125–28.

487

Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 622–24. See also «Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,» January 14, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 14–15; Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 348.

488

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 585.

489

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 348; Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 249.

490

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 1010–11; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 622–24.

491

Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 350–51.

492

«The President’s News Conference of October 31, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 828.