Закат Америки. Уже скоро - Чарльз А. Капхен

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Примечания

1

Andrew Sullivan, «America at War: America Wakes Up to a World of Fear». Sunday Times (London), September 16, 2001.

2

ADM 116/3099, June 22, 1912, memo by Winston Churchill, p. 2–3. (Все цитаты из архивных документов в этой главе приводятся по материалам Британского публичного архива. Сокращения ADM, CAB и WO означают соответственно Адмиралтейство, кабинет министров и министерство обороны.)

3

J.H. Rose, A.P. Newton, and E.A. Benians, «The Cambridge History of the British Empire», vol. 1 (Cambridge: The University Press, 1929), p. 95.

4

Foreign Office memo cited in Paul M. Kennedy, «The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery» (London: Macrnillan, 1983), p. 219.

5

India Office Library, Curzon Papers, vol. 144, Godley to Curzon, November 10, 1899, cited ibid., p. 211.

6

CAB 38/8/14, February 24,1905, «Our Present Minimum Military Requirements», p. 1.

7

Crowe Memorandum of January 1,1907, citedin Henry Kissinger, «Diplomacy» (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), p. 193.

8

Cited in Kennedy, «The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery», p. 224.

9

CAB 24/107, June9,1920, «BritishMilitary Liabilities», p. 1–2.

10

CAB4/21/1087B, March 11,1932, «Imperial Defense Policy», p. 2; CAB 2/5, April 6,1933, Minutes of the 258th Meeting of the Committee of Imperial Defence.

11

CAB 16/111 /120, June 20,1934, «Disarmament Conference 1932», p. 2.

12

CAB 16/111/125, july 18,1934, «naval defence requirements», p. 1.

13

Grenfell cited in Williamson Murray, «The Change in the European Balance of Power, 1938–1939». (Princeton: Princeton University Press), p. 75.

14

WO 33/1004, January 10, 1922, «The Interim Report of the Committee on National Expenditure», Doc. VII, p. 51.

15

Ironside cited in William R. Rock, «British Appeasement in the 1930s» (London: Edward Arnold, 1977), p. 46.

16

CAB 21 /700, February 22,1937, «Review of Imperial Defence», p. 12.

17

CAB 53/13, J.P. 315, September 23, 1938, «The Czechoslovak Crisis», cited in Murray, «European Balance of Power», p. 209.

18

Martin Gilbert, «The Roots of Appeasement» (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966), p. 186.

19

«Excerpts from Pentagon's Plan: „Prevent the Re-Emergence of a New Rival“», New York Times, March 8,1992.

20

«Interview of the President by Wolf Blitzer, CNN Late Edition», June 20,1999. Available at: http://clinton6.nara/ http://clinton6.nara.gov/1999/06/1999-06-20-late-night-edition-cnn-inter-view.html

21

«After Kosovo: Building a Lasting Peace», remarks delivered at the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, June 28,1999. Available at: http://www.cfr.org/public/pubs/AlbrightRem.html

22

Richard Haass, cited in Thorn Shanker, «White Hous Says the U.S. Is Not a Loner, Just Choosy», New York Times July 31, 2001.

23

Alan Sipress, «Bush Retreats from U.S. Role as Peace Broker», Washington Post, March 17, 2001.

24

David E. Sanger, «Bush Tells Seoul Talks with North Won't Resume Now», New York Times, March 7, 2001.

25

The United States Commission on National Security/21 st Century, «New World Coming: American Security in the 21st Century». Available at: http://www.nssg.gov/Reports/NWC.pdf

26

Tyndall Report, as cited in David Shaw, «Foreign News Shrinks in an Era of Globalization», Los Angeles Times, September 27, 2001.

27

Hall's Magazine Editorial Reports, cited in James F. Hoge, Jr., «Foreign News: Who Gives a Damn?» Columbia Journalism Review, vol. 36, no. 4 (November — December 1997), p. 48–52.

28

Pew Center for the People and the Press, «Public and Opinion Leaders Favor Enlargement», October 7,1997. Available at: http://208.240.91.18/natorel.htm

29

Gerard Baker and David Buchan, «American Isolationism Put to the Test», Financial Times, October 15,1999.

30

14 сентября 2001 года Сенат и Палата представителей проголосовали за резолюцию, разрешающую президенту «использовать все необходимые меры» для отражения террористических атак. «За» высказались все 98 сенаторов и 420 членов Палаты представителей (1 «против»), В ходе опроса, проводившегося с 20 по 23 сентября 2001 года 92 процента респондентов поддержали военные действия против любой стороны, причастной к террористическим атакам. См.: «Poll Finds Support for War and Fear on Economy», New York Times, September 25,2001.

31

Shibley Telhami, «The Mideast Is Also Changed», New York Times, September 19,2001.

32

Francois Heisbourg, «De l'apres-guerre froide a l'hyperterrorisme», Le Monde, September 13, 2001.

33

Adam Clymer, «A House Divided. Senate, Too», New York Times, December 2, 2001.

34

Powell cited in Lawrence F. Kaplan, «Drill Sergeant», The New Republic, March 26, 2001. Available at: http://www.tnr.com/032601/kaplan032601.html http://www.tnr.com/032601/kaplan032601.html

35

Цифры взяты из отчета Статистического бюро США. «U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services, January 1998 to December 2000. Available at: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/Press-Release/2000pr/FinalRevisions2000/exhl.txt Данные по Канаде и Мексике приводятся по таблицам 10 и 10а из отчета Бюро экономического анализа министерства торговли США. «U.S. International Transactions Account Data». Available at: http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/international/bpweb/list.clm?anon=127

36

Современный анализ, подтверждающий необходимость возвращения Америки к изоляционистской политике см. в книге Eric A. Nordlinger, «Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for a New Century» (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); and Eugene Gholz, Daryl G. Press, and Harvey M. Sapolsky, «Come Home, America: The Strategy of Restraint in the Face of Temptation», International Security, vol. 21, no. 4 (Spring 1997), p. 5—48.

37

«The Sources of Soviet Conduct», Foreign Affairs, vol. 25, no. 4 (July 1947), p. 566–582.

38

«Moscow Embassy Telegram #511», February 22,1946, in Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945–1950, ed. Thomas H. Etzold and John Lewis Gaddis (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978), p. 55–63.

39

«United States Objectives and Programs for National Security», NSC-68, April 14,1950, ibid., p. 427.

40

Paper prepared by Mr. John Foster Dulles, Consultant to the Secretary of State, «Estimate of Situation», November 30, 1950, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1950, vol. 6 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1950), p. 162.