В поисках энергии. Ресурсные войны, новые технологии и будущее энергетики - Дэниел Ергин

11. David Hobbs and Daniel Yergin, “Fiscal Fitness: How Taxes at Home Help Determine Competitiveness Abroad,” IHS CERA, August 2010; interview with Lucian Pugliaresi.

12. Bhushan Bahree, “Fields of Dreams: The Great Iraqi Oil Rush: Its Potential, Challenges, and Limits” IHS CERA, March 2010.

13. Middle East Economic Survey, October 11, 2010, October 18, 2010.

14. Michael Axworthy, A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind (New York: Basic Books, 2010), p. 271 (“stupidity”).

15. Kenneth Pollack, The Persian Puzzle: The Conflict Between Iran and America (New York: Random House, 2004), pp. 267, 286.

16. Karim Sadjadpour, Reading Khamenei: The World View of Iran’s Most Powerful Leader (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2009), pp. vi, 15; interview with Archie Dunham.

17. Interview.

18. The New York Times, March10, 1995 (Christopher).

19. Pollack, The Persian Puzzle, pp. 272, 282 (executive order); interview with Archie Dunham.

20. Axworthy, A History of Iran, p. 277 (“constitutional government”); Robin Wright, The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U. S. Policy (Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press, 2010), p. 140.

21. Madeleine Albright, Madame Secretary: A Memoir (New York: Miramax, 2003), pp. 319–26.

22. David Frum, The Right Man: An Inside Account of the Bush White House (New York: Random House, 2005), ch. 12 (“axis of evil”); James Dobbins, After the Taliban: Nation-Building in Afghanistan (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2008), pp. 121–22, 142–44 (“hunt down the Taliban”); Pollack, The Persian Puzzle, pp. 346–47 (military cooperation).

23. The New York Times, September 24, 2010 (“declining American economy”); Twenty Quotes (embraces Shia islam); Joshua Teitelbaum, “What Iranian Leaders Really Say About Doing Away With Israel,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, 2008 (“wipe Israel off the map”); Axworthy, A History of Iran, pp. 290, 321 (“erased from the pages of time”).

24. Islamic Republic News Agency, December 5, 2006 (“good neighborliness”).

25. U. S. Energy Information Administration, “Strait of Hormuz,” World Oil Transit Chokepoints, February 2011 (Strait of Hormuz).

26. Rodney A. Mills, “Iran and the Strait of Hormuz: Saber Rattling or Global Energy Nightmare,” Naval War College, 2008, p. 1 (“unlimited period”); U. S. Energy Information Administration, “China,” Country Analysis Brief, November 2010; Anthony H. Cordesman, “Iran, Oil, and the Strait of Hormuz,” Center for Strategic and International Affairs, March 26, 2007; Caitlin Talmadge, “Closing Time: Assessing the Iranian Threat to the Strait of Hormuz,” International Security 33 no. 1 (2008) pp. 82–117; William D. O’Neil, “Correspondence: Cost and Difficulties of Blocking the Strait of Hormuz,” International Security 33, no. 3 (2008/2009), pp. 190–98.

27. Pollack, The Persian Puzzle, pp. 258–59.

28. Christian Science Monitor, September 24, 2008 (“end of times,” “heavens”); The New York Times, November 28, 2010.

29. Guardian, November 28, 2010 (“46 seconds”); The Wall Street Journal, January 4, 2010 (“Iranian Tactic”).

30. Eric Edelman, Andrew Krepinevich Jr., and Evan Braden Montgomery, “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran: The Limits of Containment,” Foreign Affairs 90 no. 1 (2011), pp. 66–81.

31. 31. Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of the Security Council resolution in the Islamic Republic of Iran, report dated November 18, 2011 by the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency; USA Today, April 17, 2012; Msnbc.com news services, April 20, 2012 (“glass of water”). Более глубокий анализ военных возможностей Ирана см. в Anthony Cordesman and Alexander Wilner, Iran and the Gulf Military Balance, parts I and II (CSIS: 2012) and Anthony Cordesman, “Iran the ‘Threat’ to Close the Gulf” (CSIS: 2012).

32. 32. Face the Nation, Transcript, January 8, 2012 (Dempsey); English.news.cn, January 19, 2012 (Premier Wen): Ali Naimi in Financial Times, March 28, 2012.

Глава 15. Газ по морю

1. Thomas D. Cabot, Beggar on Horseback: The Autobiography of Thomas D. Cabot (Boston: David R. Godine, 1979), pp. 46 (“opinion”), p. 75 (“dreamt”); Cabot II, p. 118 (“expropriated”).

2. Cabot II, p. 131 (extreme refrigeration); Malcolm Peebles, Evolution of the Gas Industry (New York: New York University Press, 1980) p. 187 (“intrigued”); Bureau of Mines study (investigation).

3. Hugh Barty-King, New Flame: How Gas Changed the Commercial, Domestic, and Industrial Life of Britain between 1813 and 1984 (Tavistock: Graphmitre, 1984), pp. 237–42 (“high speed gas”); Stephen Howarth, Joost Jonker, Keetie Sluyterman and Jan Luiten van Zanden, The History of Royal Dutch Shell: Powering the Hydrocarbon Revolution 1939–1973, vol. 2 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. x.

4. Fred von der Mehden and Steven W. Lewis, “Liquefied Natural Gas from Indonesia: The Arun Project,” in Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040, eds. David G. Victor, Amy M. Jaffe, and Mark H. Hayes (Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 101 (Cook Inlet).

5. Roosevelt to Ickes, August 12, 1942, OF4435, Franklin D. Roosevelt papers (“lying idle”).

6. Robert Stobaugh and Daniel Yergin, eds., Energy Future: Report of the Energy Project at the Harvard Business School (New York: Vintage, 1983), p. 70.

7. Cabot II, p. 134 ($ 5 million).

8. Interview with Gordon Shearer.

9. Fred von der Mehden and Steven W. Lewis, “Liquefied Natural Gas from Indonesia: The Arun Project,” 2006; interview (“crown jewels”).

10. Interviews (“able to do much”).

11. Kohei Hashimoto, Jareer Elass, and Stacy Eller, “Liquefied Natural Gas from Qatar: The Qatargas Project,” prepared for the Geopolitics of Natural Gas Study, a joint project of the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development at Stanford University and the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University, December 2004, p. 10.

12. Interview with Lucio Noto.

13. Interview with Abdullahbin Hamad al-Attiyeh.

14. Blake Roberts and Marcela Rosas, “Ripple Effect: Increased LNG Demand in Japan and the United Kingdom to Reduce LNG Flow to North America,” CERA, July 20, 2007; Institute for Energy Economics Japan, “Impacts on International Energy Markets of Unplanned Shutdown of Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station,” April 2008.

Глава 16. Газовая революция

1. Dan Steward, The Barnett Shale Play: Phoenix of the Fort Worth Basin -A History (Fort Worth: Fort Worth Geological Society, 2007), p. 32 (geological research).

2. Houston Chronicle, November 14, 2009 (“what we’re going to do”).

3. Steward, The Barnett Shale Play, p. 122–23, 141–42 (shut down, good deal of money); interview with Dan Steward.

4. Steward, The Barnett Shale Play, p. 142 (“light sand fraccing”); interview with Dan Steward; interview with Lawrence Nichols.

5. Teddy Muhlfelder, “The Shale Gale,” IHS CERA, 2009; 6. IHS CERA, Fueling North America’s Energy Future: The Unconventional Natural Gas Revolution and the Carbon Agenda, March2010; MIT Energy Initiative, The Future of Natural Gas: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011).

6. Secretary of Energy Advisory Board (“The Deutch Committee”), Shale Gas Subcommittee 90 Day Report, August 18, 2011, pp. 1, 5.

7. Leta Smith, “Shale Gas Outside of North America: High Potential but Difficult to Reach,” IHS CERA, April 2009 (recoverable shale gas).

8. John C. Harris, “Australian LNG: First Come, First Served,” IHS CERA, January 28, 2011.

9. Time, February 16, 1970; Willy Brandt, My Life in Politics (New York: Viking, 1992); Angela Stent, From Embargo to Ostpolitik: The Political Economy of West German-Soviet Relations 1955–1980 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 173 (“Economics”).

10. Angela E. Stent, Soviet Energy and Western Europe (New York: Praeger, 1982), p. 81.

11. New York Times, September 5, 1982 (“wounded by a friend”); August 3, 1982 (ignore the embargo).

12. Bloomberg, June 27, 2008.

13. IHS CERA, Securing the Future: Making Russian-European Gas Interdependence Work (2007), ch. 1.

14. Thone Gustafson and Matt Sagers, “Gas Transit Through Ukraine: The Struggle for the Crown Jewels,” CERA, 2003.

15. Christine Telyan and Thane Gustafson, “Russia and Ukraine’s New Gas Agreement: What Does It Mean and How Long Will It Last,” IHS CERA, 2006; Robert L. Larsson, Russia’s Energy Policy: Security Dimensions and Russia’s Reliability as an Energy Supplier (Stockholm: Swedish Defense Research Agency, 2006) (shockwaves); New York Times, January 5, 2006 (“dependence on Russia”).

16. Katherine Hardin, Sergej Mahnovski, and Leila Benali, “Filling a Southern Gas Pipeline to Europe: Export Potential and Costs for Gas Sources Compared,” IHS CERA, 2010 (Kurdistan).

17. Peter Jackson, “Evolution of the Structure of the European Gas Market,” IHS CERA, March2011; Peter Jackson, et al., “The Unconventional Frontier: Prospects for Unconventional Gas in Europe,” IHS CERA, February 2011.

Глава 17. Переменный ток

1. Jone-Lin Wang, “Why Are We Using More Electricity?” The Wall Street Journal, March 10, 2010.

2. Jill Jonnes, Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World (New York: Random House, 2004), p. 84.

3. Thomas Hughes, Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society 1880–1930 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), p. 42 (“dynamos”); IEEE Global History Network, “Pearl Street Station,” at http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Pearl_Street_Station (electricity bill).

4. Matthew Josephson, Edison: A Biography (New York: Wiley, 1992), pp. 133–34 (“most useful citizen”) p. 434; Robert Conot, Thomas Edison: A Stroke of Luck (New York: Bantam, 1980), p. 132 (“could not explain”); Jannes, Empires of Light (“minor invention”).

5. Paul Israel, Edison: A Life of Invention (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998), p. 166 (“subdivided”); Jonnes, Empires of Light, p. 59 (“scientific men”); Hughes, Networks of Power, pp. 19–21 (“Edison’s genius”).