Теория струн и скрытые измерения Вселенной - Шинтан Яу

185

Kachru, interview with author, September 8, 2007.

186

Liam McAllister (Princeton University), interview with author, February 20, 2007.

187

Joe Polchinski (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, February 6, 2006.

188

David Gross, quoted in Dennis Overbye, “Zillions of Universes? Or Did Ours Get Lucky?” New York Times, October 28, 2003.

189

Burton Richter, “Randall and Susskind,” letter to editor, New York Times, January 29, 2006.

190

Leonard Susskind, The Cosmic Landscape (New York: Little Brown, 2006), pp. 354–355.

191

Tristan Hubsch (Howard University), interview with author, November 7, 2008.

192

Mark Gross (Stanford University), interview with author, October 31, 2008.

193

Gross, interview with author, September 19, 2008.

194

Miles Reid (University of Warwick), interview with author, August 12, 2007.

195

Allan Adams (MIT), interview with author, October 31, 2008.

196

Gross, interview with author, October 31, 2008.

197

Adams, interview with author, October 31, 2008.

198

Tristan Hubsch, e-mail letter to author, December 15, 2008.

199

Melanie Becker (Texas A&M University), interview with author, February 1, 2007.

200

Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.

201

Li-Sheng Tseng (Harvard University), interview with author, December 17, 2008.

202

Becker, interview with author, February 1, 2007.

203

Polchinski, interview with author, January 29, 2007.

204

Strominger, interview with author, August 1, 2007.

205

Burt Ovrut (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, February 2, 2007.

206

Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction 12 (July 1988): 73–79.

207

Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

208

Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.

209

Steve Giddings (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, September 24, 2007.

210

Matthew Kleban (New York University), interview with author, January 17, 2008.

211

Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.

212

Andrei Linde (Stanford University), interview with author, December 27, 2007.

213

Giddings, interview with author, October 17, 2007.

214

Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, September 18, 2007.

215

Linde, interview with author, December 27, 2007.

216

Henry Tye (Cornell University), interview with author, September 12, 2007.

217

Linde, interview with author, January 10, 2008.

218

S. W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 310 (1983): 303–310.

219

Kleban, interview with author, January 17, 2008.

220

Steven B. Giddings, “The Fate of Four Dimensions,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

221

Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction 12 (July 1988): 73–79.

222

Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68(2003).

223

Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.

224

Steve Giddings (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, September 24, 2007.

225

Matthew Kleban (New York University), interview with author, January 17, 2008.

226

Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.

227

Andrei Linde (Stanford University), interview with author, December 27, 2007.

228

Giddings, interview with author, October 17, 2007.

229

Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, September 18, 2007.

230

Linde, interview with author, December 27, 2007.

231

Henry Tye (Cornell University), interview with author, September 12, 2007.

232

Linde, interview with author, January 10,2008.

233

S. W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 310 (1983): 303–310.

234

Kleban, interview with author, January 17, 2008.

235

Steven B. Giddings, “The Fate of Four Dimensions,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

236

Текст этого и последующих комментариев до конца Главы 12 отсутствует в издании. Похоже, что и комментарии с начала этой главы неверны (прим. Vadi)

237

То же.

238

То же.

239

То же.

240

То же.

241

То же.

242

То же.

243

То же.

244

То же.

245

То же.

246

То же.

247

То же.

248

То же.

249

То же.

250

То же.

251

Peter Goddard, ed., Paul Dirac: The Man and His Work (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

252

Eugene Wigner, “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences,” Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics 13 (February 1960).

253

Chen Ning Yang, S. S. Chem: A Great Geometer of the 20th Century (Boston: International Press, 1998), p. 66.

254

Robert Osserman, Poetry of the Universe (New York: Anchor Books, 1996), pp. 142–143.

255

Richard P. Feynman, The Character of Physical Law (New York: Modern Library, 1994), p. 50.

256

Michael Atiyah, quoted in Patricia Schwarz, “Sir Michael Atiyah on Math, Physics and Fun,” The Official String Theory Web site, http://www.superstringtheory.com/people/atiyah.html.

257

Jim Holt, “Unstrung,” New Yorker, October 2, 2006, p. 86.

258

Michael Atiyah, “Pulling the Strings,” Nature 438 (December 22–29, 2005): 1,081.

259

Robert Mills, “Beauty and Truth,” in Chen Ning Yang: A Great Physicist of the 20th Century, ed. Shing-Tung Yau and C. S. Liu (Boston: International Press, 1995), p. 199.

260

Henry Tye (Cornell University), e-mail letter to author, December 19, 2008.

261

Brian Greene, interview by Ira Flatow, “Big Questions in Cosmology,” Science Friday, NPR, April 3, 2009.

262

К. C. Cole, “A Theory of Everything,” New York Times Magazine, October 18, 1987.

263

Nicolai Reshetikhin (University of California, Berkeley), interview with author, June 5, 2008.

264

Robbert Dijkgraaf (University of Amsterdam), interview with author, February 8, 2007.

265

Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe (New York: Vintage Books, 2000), p. 210.

266

Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, August 1, 2007.

267

S. Ramanujan, “On Certain Arithmetic Functions,” Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 22 (1916): 159–184.

268

Lothar Goettsche, “A Conjectural Generating Function for Numbers of Curves on Surfaces,” November II, 1997, arXiv.org, Cornell University archives, http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/alg-geom/pdf/9711/9711012vl.pdf.

269

Ai-Ko Liu, “Family Blowup Formula, Admissible Graphs and the Enumeration of Singular Curves, I,” Journal of Differential Geometry 56 (2000): 381–579.

270

Bong Lian (Brandeis University), interview with author, December 12, 2007.

271

Michael Atiyah, “Pulling the Strings,” Nature 438 (December 22–29, 2005): 1,082.

272

Glennda Chui, “Wisecracks Fly When Brian Greene and Lawrence Krauss Tangle Over String Theory,” Symmetry 4 (May 2007): 17–21.

273

Sean Carroll, “String Theory: Not Dead Yet,” Cosmic Variance blog, Discover online magazine, May 24,2007, http://cosmicvariance.com.

274

Edward Witten, quoted in К. C. Cole, “A Theory of Everything,” New York Times Magazine, October 18, 1987.

275

Ibid.

276

Alan Guth (MIT), interview with author, September 13, 2007.

277

Brian Greene, The Elegant Universe (New York: Vintage Books, 2000), p. 261.

278

Max Tegmark (MIT), interview with author, October 23, 2007.

279

Faye Flam, “Getting Comfortable in Four Dimensions,” Science 266 (December 9, 1994): 1, 640.

280

Cumrun Vafa (Harvard University), interview with author, January 19, 2007.

281

Robbert Dijkgraaf (University of Amsterdam), interview with author, February 8, 2007.