Английский язык: самоучитель - Денис Шевчук

Например,

Я потерял кошелек два месяца назад. I lost my wallet two months ago.

Кто вчера съел мой торт? Who ate my cake yesterday?

Настоящее совершенное время употребляется со следующими наречиями времени:

Never – никогда

Ever – когда-либо (в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях)

Already – уже (в утвердительных предложениях)

Yet – еще/уже (в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях)

Just – только что

Recently – недавно

Lately – за последнее время

This year/month/morning (если год, месяц или утро еще не закончились)

Настоящее совершенное время образуется следующим образом:

Have/has+3-я форма глагола

3-я форма правильных глаголов совпадает со второй (to play-played-played). 3-ю форму неправильных глаголов необходимо запомнить

I have never seen tigers.I’ve never seen tigers.

He has just visited India. He’s just visited India.

Have you ever been to the Zoo?

I haven’t ever cooked pizza./I have never cooked pizza.

I haven’t measured this table yet.

He has recently won the prize. He’s recently won the prize.

I haven’t read anything lately.

This evening I have cooked a delicious dinner. This evening I’ve cooked a delicious dinner.

Обратите внимание на место наречий времени в Present Perfect Tense.

1. Use the correct form of the verb in the Present Perfect Tense.

Поставьте глагол в правильную форму во времени Present Perfect.

1. He has never (to be)………………….to the United States.

2. Have you (to see)…………………..our new catalogue yet?

3. I have just (to receive)……………………your postcard.

4. He has just (to break)……………………..the new equipment.

5. They have already (to win)…………………..this important prize.

6. He hasn’t ever (to take)………………………any books from the library.

7. Have you (to call)……………………your mother yet?

8. I haven’t (to send)……………………..the post yet.

9. They haven’t (to tell)…………………..me about the accident yet.

10. Who has recently (to take)…………………her home?

11. We have already (to discuss)……………………all these reasons.

12. Have you ever (to work)………………………on a farm?

13. I haven’t ever (to lose)……………………….anything important.

14. I have just (to change)………………………my diet.

15. This year I have (to get)……………………a reduction.

16. He has never (to drive)…………………….a truck.

17. This month we have (to hire)…………………..three new workers.

18. He hasn’t (to reduce)………………………speed yet.

19. I have already (to deal)…………………….with people of numerous walks of life.

20. Has your mother ever (to allow)…………………….you to walk late?

2. Translate the sentences. Use the Present Perfect Tense.

Переведите предложения, используя настоящее совершенное время.

1. Я уже вызвал скорую помощь.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Я только что порезал овощи для супа.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Он никогда не беспокоился обо мне.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Я еще не рассказал тебе об этом несчастном случае.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. У вас когда-либо было такое чувство?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Он недавно получил необычное сообщение.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. За последнее время я потерял три кошелька.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Вы уже внесли это предложение?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Answer the questions.

Ответьте на вопросы.

4. Make up the sentences of your own with the irregular verbs given. Use the Present Perfect Tense.

Составьте свои предложения с данными неправильными глаголами в настоящем совершенном времени.

Absolute Pronouns

Абсолютные местоимения

В английском языке часто используются абсолютные особые формы местоимений. Они как бы заменяют сочетание притяжательное местоимение+существительное. После них существительное уже не употребляется.

Например,

This is my chair. (притяжательное местоимение+существительное) Это мой стул.

This chair is mine. (абсолютное местоимение) Этот стул мой.

Эти формы необходимо запомнить.

That is my desk. – That desk is mine.

It is your purse. – It is yours.

Her house is big. – But hers is bigger.

That is his friend. – That friend is his./That is a friend of his.

Our umbrella is unusual. – Ours is usual.

This is your passport. – This is yours.

Their suggestion is good. – Theirs is good.

5. Change the sentences. Use the example given.

Измените предложения, используя образец.

Например: This purse belongs to me.

It’s mine.

6. Complete the sentences. Use the following example.

Закончите предложения по образцу.

Например:

My wallet is in the pocket. But yours is in the car.

7. Give the sentences in English.

Переведите предложения на английский язык.

8. Find a mistake in each of the sentences.

Найдите ошибку в каждом из данных предложений.

READINGAND SPEAKING PRACTICE

1. Answer the questions.

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Why are stamina and strength very important for people’s lives?

2. What do you do in order to avoid falling ill?

3. Have you ever broken anything (your leg or arm)?

4. What should you do in order to make your body mobile?

5. Why do people sometimes have headache/stomachache/toothache?

6. Why do people sometimes have to call the ambulance?

7. Which sports help us to make the body stronger and more mobile?

8. Can you recollect the most awful accident you have ever met with?

9. When did you fall ill last time? What illness was it?

10. Which sport prizes have you ever received?

2. Now write and speak about these people. Use the Linking words given.

Напишите и расскажите об этих людях. Используйте данные слова-связки.

On the one hand/on the other hand, besides, however, in spite of the fact that, in comparison with,

as opposed to, to begin with, as a result, so, then.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Complete the sentences. Try to use the words from the Active Vocabulary.

Закончите предложения, используя слова из Активного Словаря.

1. You should measure your desk as……………………………………………………………..

2. On the one hand, he has never lost, but………………………………………………………..

3. He has received lots of medals. Besides,………………………………………………………

4. In comparison with her feelings……………………………………………………………….

5. My shoes are too tight. However,……………………………………………………………..

6. In spite of the fact that she worries about me,…………………………………………………

7. He has just cut his fingers. We should…………………………………………………………

8. What’s the matter? We have just………………………………………………………………

9. His wallet is rectangular, but mine…………………………………………………………….

10. His friends have always supported me, but hers……………………………………………..

4. Read the dialogue and fill in the missing information.

Прочитайте диалог и добавьте необходимую по смыслу информацию.

Julia: James, what are you doing?

James: I’m measuring my desk?

Julia: Why?

James: ………………………………………………………………………

Julia: And how big is your desk?

James: ………………………………………………………………………

Julia: And the one in the catalogue you are going to buy?

James: ………………………………………………………………………

Julia: What’s it made of?

James: ………………………………………………………………………

Julia: What’s it like?

James: ………………………………………………………………………

Well, have a look at it. What do you think of it?

Julia: ………………………………………………………………………..

James: Yes, I quite agree.

5. Write in the missing words. Then learn the dialogue.

Дополните диалог словами по смыслу. Выучите его.

Has, matter, look out, be careful, better, get up, headache, careful, broken, worry, fell, hospital, doesn’t, feel, hurts, gone, stomachache

Mother: Come on, John. Time to ………………………………

Son: I don’t…………………………well.

Mother: Oh, dear. What’s the…………………………..?

Son: I have a…………………………… And my arm……………………… And I have …………………………. ……………………………., Mum! Be……………………. Don’t sit there.

Mother: Why not?

Son: I……………………..out of bed last night. I’ve…………………..my leg, I think.

Mother: Oh, dear. You should go to……………………………….

Son: No, I’ll be all right. But I can’t go to school today.

Mother: Don’t……………………… John. You can stay in bed all day. Today is Saturday. There is no school today……………………………, John!

Son: It’s all right, Mum. My headache………………..gone. My arm……………………hurt. My stomachache has…………………….. And my leg is……………………… I think I’ll get up now.

6. Read the dialogue and try to learn it.

Прочитайте диалог и постарайтесь его запомнить.

Rachel: I’ve done it! I’ve done it!

Julia: What is it?

Rachel: I have just won a holiday. For two. To Italy!

Julia: Rachel, look out!..…..Are you all right? Are you OK?

Rachel: I don’t know. I’ve broken my leg, I think.

Julia: Now, don’t worry. Which leg is it?

Rachel: This one.

Julia: And where does it hurt?

Rachel: There.

Tom: What has happened?

Julia: It’s Rachel. She has hurt herself. Has she broken anything?

Tom: I’m not sure. I don’t think so. But don’t move her. She should go to hospital. I’ll call an ambulance.

(after an hour) Rachel has hurt her leg but she hasn’t broken it.