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Interspecific Differences and Sexual Differentiation of the Male and Female Phallus». Sexual Development 9 (1): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1159/000364927.

_____, Simone G. Shuster, Claire L. Perriton, and Martin J. Cohn. 2013. «Developmental Basis of Phallus Reduction During Bird Evolution». Current Biology 23 (12): 1065-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.062.

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_____, Olga Kazakova, Felicity Evans, James C. O'Hanlon, and Katherine L. Barry. 2015. «The Functional Significance of Chiral Genitalia: Patterns of Asymmetry, Functional Morphology and Mating Success in the Praying Mantis Ciulfina baldersoni». PLoS ONE 10 (6): e0128755. https://doi.org.110.1371/journal.pone.0128755.

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Hosken, David J., C. Ruth Archer, Clarissa M. House, and Nina Wedell. 2018. «Penis Evolution Across Species: Divergence and Diversity». Nature Reviews Urology 16: 98-106. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-018-0112-z.

_____, Kate E. Jones, K. Chipperfield, Alan Dixson. 2001. «Is the Bat Os Penis Sexually Selected?» Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 50: 450-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/002650100389.

Hotzy, Cosima, Michal Polak, Johanna Liljestrand Rönn, and Göran Arnqvist. 2012. «Phenotypic Engineering Unveils the Function of Genital Morphol-ogy». Current Biology 22 (23): 2258-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.009.

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House, Clarissa M., Zenobia Lewis, David J. Hodgson, Nina Wedell, Manmo-han D. Sharma, John Hunt, and David J. Hosken. 2013. «Sexual and Natural Selection Both Influence Male Genital Evolution». PLoS ONE 8 (5): e63807. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063807.

_____, M. D. Sharma, Kensuke Okada, and David J. Hosken. 2016. «Pre and Post-copulatory Selection Favor Similar Genital Phenotypes in the Male Broad Horned Beetle». Integrative & Comparative Biology 56 (4): 682-93. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icw079.

Huber, Bernhard A. 2003. «Rapid Evolution and Species-Specificity of Arthropod Genitalia: Fact or Artifact?» Organisms Diversity & Evolution 3 (1): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-6092-00059.

_____. 2004. «Evolutionary Transformation from Muscular to Hydraulic Movements in Spider (Arachnida, Araneae) Genitalia: A Study Based on Histo-logical Serial Sections». Journal of Morphology 261 (3): 364-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10255.

_____, and Olga M. Nuñeza. 2015. «Evolution of Genital Asymmetry, Exagger ated Eye Stalks, and Extreme Palpal Elongation in Panjange Spiders (Ara-neae: Pholcidae)». European Journal of Taxonomy 169: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2015.169.

_____, and Abel Pérez González. 2001. «Female Genital Dimorphism in a Spider (Araneae: Pholcidae)». Journal of Zoology 255 (3): 301-04. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095283690100139X.

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Infante, Carlos R., Alexandra G. Mihala, Sungdae Park, Jialiang S. Wang, Kenji K. Johnson, James D. Lauderdale, and Douglas B. Menke. 2015. «Shared Enhancer Activity in the Limbs and Phallus and Functional Divergence of a Limb-Genital cis-Regulatory Element in Snakes». Developmental Cell 35 (1): 107-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2015.09.003.

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Juzwiak, Rich. 2014. «This Man Wants His Penis to Be the Most Famous Penis on Earth (NSFW)». Gawker, April 16, 2014. https://gawker.com/this-man-wants-his-penis-to-be-the-most-famous-penis-on-1563806397.

Kahn, Andrew T., Brian Mautz, and Michael D. Jennions. 2009. «Females Prefer to Associate with Males with Longer Intromit tent Organs in Mosquitofish». Biology Letters 6 (1): 55–58. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0637.

Kahn, Penelope C., Dennis D. Cao, Mercedes Burns, and Sarah L. Boyer. 2018. «Nuptial Gift Chemistry Reveals Convergent Evolution Correlated with Antagonism in Mating Systems of Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones)». Ecology and Evolution 8 (14): 7103-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4232.

Kamimura, Yoshitaka, and

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